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人工智能 2

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Removal of Rhodamine B from aqueous solutions and wastewater by walnut shells: kinetics, equilibrium

Jasmin Shah, M. Rasul Jan, Attaul Haq, Younas Khan

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2013年第7卷第4期页码 428-436 doi: 10.1007/s11705-013-1358-x

摘要： An adsorption study of Rhodamine B (RB) dye from aqueous solutions was carried out using walnut shells pretreated by different methods. In addition to the effects of the pretreatment, the effects of various parameters like pH, adsorbent dose, contact time, initial dye concentration and temperature on the adsorption of RB was studied. The adsorption process was highly pH dependent and a maximum adsorption was achieved at pH 3.0. The best fit for the rates of dye adsorption was a pseudo-second-order kinetic model with good correlation coefficients ( >0.99). Langmuir isotherms were used to determine that the maximum loading capacity of the different walnut shells and the RB capacities ranged from 1.451–2.292 mg·g . The dye adsorption was also evaluated thermodynamically. Positive standard enthalpy (? °) values were obtained indicating that the RB adsorption process is endothermic as well as ? ° and ? ° values showed that adsorption process is spontaneous with an increased randomness at the solid-liquid interface. Desorption studies were carried out to explore the feasibility of regenerating the used walnut shells and it was found that 97.71%–99.17% of the retained RB was recovered with 0.1 mol?L NaOH solution. The walnut shells were also successfully used to remove RB from industrial effluents.

关键词： Rhodamine B walnut shell adsorption kinetics isotherms regeneration

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Removal of rhodamine B from aqueous solution by BiPO

Lei LI, Jian XU, Changsheng GUO, Yuan ZHANG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2013年第7卷第3期页码 382-387 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0504-5

摘要： Hexahedron-like BiPO microcrystals were sucessfully synthesized via a template-free hydrothermal method. The resulting samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and UV–vis spectroscopy. The BiPO samples were of pure monoclinic phase, and the initial amount of during synthesis did not show obvious effect on the phase properties of the materials. The hexahedron-like BiPO microcrystal had explicitly cut edges, and its thickness was about 1 μm. The photocatalytic performance of the BiPO catalysts was evaluated by photodegradation of RhB under UV light irradiation with commerial Degussa P25 TiO as reference. Compared with P25, the BiPO catalysts displayed higher photocatalytic activity, with 98.7% of RhB degraded during 60-min experiment. Cost evaluation analysis was adopted to describe the energy consumption of the degradation process, and the results suggested the potential application of this material in the field of dye-contaminated wastewater treatment or environmental matrices remediation.

关键词： BiPO₄ photocatalysis Rhodamine B cost evaluation

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Fabrication of titania thin film with composite nanostructure and its ability to photodegrade rhodamineB in water

ZHANG Gaojie, WU Jinming, LIU Shaoguang, YAN Mi

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2008年第2卷第1期页码 44-48 doi: 10.1007/s11705-008-0001-8

摘要： A titania nanorod film was synthesized by direct oxidation of metallic Ti with hydrogen peroxide solution under a low temperature. Titania nanoparticles were then filled into the gaps among the nanorods through an infiltration sol-gel procedure to form a composite titania film with an ordered nanostructure. X-ray diffraction spectra indicate that the composite film was a mixture of anatase and rutile while the titania film obtained by only using a sol-gel procedure was pure anatase. Field emission scanning electron microscopy observations show that titania nanoparticles were embedded into the titania nanorod film. Photoluminescence spectra suggest the enhanced separation of electron and hole pairs for the obtained composite titania film over the corresponding titania nanorod film. The composite titania film exhibited improved ability to photodegrade rhodamine B in water compared with the titania nanorod film. The apparent photodegradation rate constant, fitting a pseudo-first-order, was 3 times of that obtained by the sol-gel derived titania film at the same weight. The improved photocatalytic activity for the composite titania film could be attributed to the enhanced separation of electron and hole pairs due to the embedding of the titania nanoparticles within the titania nanorods.

关键词： constant weight apparent photodegradation hydrogen nanorod

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Efficient photoelectrochemical oxidation of rhodamine B on metal electrodes without photocatalyst or

Xuejiao Wang, Xiang Feng, Jing Shang

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-018-1061-8

摘要：

•The efficient PEC degradation of RhB is realized using no photocatalyst.

•The efficient PEC degradation of RhB features the low salinity.

•The PEC degradation of RhB takes place on the anode and cathode simultaneously.

关键词： Energy relay structure Energy saving Photocatalyst-free and low-salinity degradation Photoelectrochemical cell

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fabrication of BiVO/FeO/rGO composite photocatalyst for the simulated solar light-driven degradation of RhodamineBiVO/FeO/rGO composite photocatalyst for the simulated solar light-driven degradation of Rhodamine B

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1470-y

摘要：

• BiVO₄/Fe₃O₄/rGO has excellent photocatalytic activity under solar light radiation.

关键词： Photocatalysis Ternary magnetic photocatalyst Visible-light-driven Free radicals trapping Reusability Recycling

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BN supported polyhedral NiS/NiS nanocrystals with excellent photocatalytic performance for removing rhodamineB and Cr(VI)

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第6期页码 1537-1549 doi: 10.1007/s11705-021-2094-2

摘要： Human health is deteriorating due to the effluent containing heavy metal ions and organic dyes. Hence, photoreduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) and degradation of rhodamine B (RhB) using a novel photocatalyst is particularly important. In this work, h-BN/NiS₂/NiS composites were prepared via a simple solvothermal method and a double Z-scheme heterojunction was constructed for efficiently removing RhB and Cr(VI). The 7 wt-% h-BN/NiS₂/NiS composites were characterized via a larger specific surface area (15.12 m²·g^–1), stronger light absorption capacity, excellent chemical stability, and high yield of electrons and holes. The experimental result indicated that the photoreduction efficiency of the 7 wt-% h-BN/NiS₂/NiS photocatalyst achieved 98.5% for Cr(VI) after 120 min, which was about 3 times higher than that of NiS₂/NiS (34%). However, the removal rate of RhB by the 7 wt-% h-BN/NiS₂/NiS photocatalyst reached 80%. This is due to the double Z-scheme heterojunction formed between NiS₂/NiS and h-BN, which improved the charge separation efficiency and transmission efficiency. Besides, the influence of diverse photogenerated electron and hole scavengers upon the photoreduction of Cr(VI) was studied, the results indicated that graphene-like h-BN promoted transportation of photoinduced charges on the surface of the h-BN/NiS₂/NiS photocatalyst via the interfacial effects.

关键词： graphene-like h-BN h-BN/NiS₂/NiS composites photocatalysis Cr(VI) reduction degradation of RhB

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Molecular diffusion in ternary poly(vinyl alcohol) solutions

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第6期页码 1003-1016 doi: 10.1007/s11705-021-2121-3

摘要： The diffusion kinetics of a molecular probe—rhodamine B—in ternary aqueous solutions containing poly(vinyl alcohol), glycerol, and surfactants was investigated using fluorescence correlation spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering. We show that the diffusion characteristics of rhodamine B in such complex systems is determined by a synergistic effect of molecular crowding and intermolecular interactions between chemical species. The presence of glycerol has no noticeable impact on rhodamine B diffusion at low concentration, but significantly slows down the diffusion of rhodamine B above 3.9% (w/v) due to a dominating steric inhibition effect. Furthermore, introducing surfactants (cationic/nonionic/anionic) to the system results in a decreased diffusion coefficient of the molecular probe. In solutions containing nonionic surfactant, this can be explained by an increased crowding effect. For ternary poly(vinyl alcohol) solutions containing cationic or anionic surfactant, surfactant–polymer and surfactant–rhodamine B interactions alongside the crowding effect of the molecules slow down the overall diffusivity of rhodamine B. The results advance our insight of molecular migration in a broad range of industrial complex formulations that incorporate multiple compounds, and highlight the importance of selecting the appropriate additives and surfactants in formulated products.

关键词： fluorescence correlation spectroscopy poly(vinyl alcohol) anomalous diffusion crowding effects dynamic light scattering binding effects rhodamine B

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A chemical etching route to controllable fabrication of TiO

Weixin ZHANG, Jie XING, Zeheng YANG, Mei KONG, Hongxu YAO

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2013年第7卷第2期页码 192-201 doi: 10.1007/s11705-013-1319-4

摘要： The TiO hollow nanospheres with diameters of about 230 nm were prepared by a simple and controllable route based on hydrolysis of Ti(OBu) on the surfaces of the Cu O solid nanospheres followed by inward etching of the Cu O nanospheres. The as-prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The further post-heat treatment led to the high crystallization of the TiO hollow nanospheres. The photocatalytic performances of these samples were evaluated for the photodegradation of rhodamine B (RhB) under UV-light irradiation. The as-prepared TiO hollow nanospheres showed higher photocatalytic activity than the CuO and the CuO/TiO hollow nanospheres. Effects of temperature and time for post-heat treatment of TiO as well as initial RhB concentrations on the RhB photodegradation have also been studied. The results show that the TiO hollow nanospheres have the good reusability as photocatalysts and are promising in waste water treatment.

关键词： TiO₂ hollow nanospheres rhodamine B photocatalytic activity

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Current hepatitis B treatment guidelines and future research directions

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2014年第8卷第2期页码 145-157 doi: 10.1007/s11684-014-0335-1

摘要：

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection causes a tremendous clinical burden across the world with more than half a million people dying annually from HBV related disease. Significant advances have been made in HBV treatment in the past decade and several guidelines have been published by professional societies and expert panels. Although these recommendations have been valuable to help optimize HBV treatment, there is discordance in treatment criteria and many patients infected with HBV may fall outside of these recommendations. This paper systematically reviews the natural history of the disease and compares and contrasts the recommendations for initiation of treatment from the various societies. There is also discussion of special groups that require particular consideration and some of the open research questions and future research directions within the field.

关键词： chronic hepatitis B HBV treatment guidelines APASL guidelines EASL guidelines AASLD guidelines

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Clinical characteristics and risk factors of COVID-19 patients with chronic hepatitis B: a multi-center

《医学前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第1期页码 111-125 doi: 10.1007/s11684-021-0854-5

摘要： The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread globally. Although mixed liver impairment has been reported in COVID-19 patients, the association of liver injury caused by specific subtype especially chronic hepatitis B (CHB) with COVID-19 has not been elucidated. In this multi-center, retrospective, and observational cohort study, 109 CHB and 327 non-CHB patients with COVID-19 were propensity score matched at an approximate ratio of 3:1 on the basis of age, sex, and comorbidities. Demographic characteristics, laboratory examinations, disease severity, and clinical outcomes were compared. Furthermore, univariable and multivariable logistic and Cox regression models were used to explore the risk factors for disease severity and mortality, respectively. A higher proportion of CHB patients (30 of 109 (27.52%)) developed into severe status than non-CHB patients (17 of 327 (5.20%)). In addition to previously reported liver impairment markers, such as alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and total bilirubin, we identified several novel risk factors including elevated lactate dehydrogenase (≥245 U/L, hazard ratio (HR) = 8.639, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.528–29.523; P <0.001) and coagulation-related biomarker D-dimer (≥0.5 μg/mL, HR= 4.321, 95% CI= 1.443–12.939; P = 0.009) and decreased albumin (<35 g/L, HR= 0.131, 95% CI= 0.048–0.361; P <0.001) and albumin/globulin ratio (<1.5, HR= 0.123, 95% CI= 0.017–0.918; P = 0.041). In conclusion, COVID-19 patients with CHB were more likely to develop into severe illness and die. The risk factors that we identified may be helpful for early clinical surveillance of critical progression.

关键词： COVID-19 chronic hepatitis B liver injury coagulation dysfunction

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Vaccine therapies for chronic hepatitis B: can we go further?

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2014年第8卷第1期页码 17-23 doi: 10.1007/s11684-014-0313-7

摘要：

Chronic hepatitis B is a major health burden worldwide. In addition to the recent progress in antiviral treatment, therapeutic vaccination is a promising new strategy for the control of chronic hepatitis B. On the basis of the major specific and non-specific immune dysregulations and defects in chronic hepatitis B patients, this paper presents the peptide and protein-based, DNA-based, cell-based, and antigen-antibody-based therapeutic vaccines, which have undergone clinical trials. The advantages, disadvantages, and future perspectives for these therapeutic vaccines are discussed.

关键词： chronic hepatitis B therapeutic antigen-antibody complexes DNA vaccine

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Chronic hepatitis B virus infection: epidemiology, prevention, and treatment in China

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2014年第8卷第2期页码 135-144 doi: 10.1007/s11684-014-0331-5

摘要：

Chronic hepatitis B is a major health problem in China. The universal vaccination program since 1992 has changed the epidemiology of hepatitis B virus infection in China from highly to moderately endemic. The most prevalent hepatitis B virus strains in China are genotypes B and C, whereas those in western provinces are genotypes D and C/D hybrid. Chronic hepatitis B poses a heavy burden to the society in China. Different treatment strategies have been explored to improve patient outcomes in a cost-effective manner. However, antiviral drugs with a low genetic barrier to resistance are still extensively used because of the generally low income and limited resources in China. Individualized antiviral therapy is closely associated with translational medicine, which utilizes information from studies on genomics, immune biomarkers, and fibrosis. The results of these studies are crucial in further improving treatment outcomes.

关键词： chronic hepatitis B epidemiology prevention treatment

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基于PFM的B级钢侧架耐久性分析

李伟,李强,王平

《中国工程科学》 2011年第13卷第1期页码 56-61

摘要：

基于概率断裂力学对B级钢货车侧架的圆角细节进行了模拟耐久性试验研究，提出了一种新的通用当量初始缺陷尺寸分布的计算方法，建立了裂纹超越概率模型

关键词：耐久性疲劳 B级钢裂纹

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Impact analysis of compressor rotor blades of an aircraft engine

Y B SUDHIR SASTRY, B G KIROS, F HAILU, P R BUDARAPU

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第3期页码 505-514 doi: 10.1007/s11709-018-0493-3

摘要： Frequent failures due to foreign particle impacts are observed in compressor blades of the interceptor fighter MIG-23 aircraft engines in the Ethiopian air force, supplied by the Dejen Aviation Industry. In this paper, we made an attempt to identify the causes of failure and hence recommend the suitable materials to withstand the foreign particle impacts. Modal and stress analysis of one of the recently failed MIG-23 gas turbine compressor blades made up of the following Aluminum based alloys: 6061-T6, 7075-T6, and 2024-T4, has been performed, apart from the impact analysis of the rotor blades hit by a granite stone. The numerical results are correlated to the practical observations. Based on the modal, stress and impact analysis and the material properties of the three considered alloys, alloy 7075-T6 has been recommended as the blade material.

关键词： axial flow compressor rotor and stator blades aircraft engine stress and impact analysis aluminum alloys

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Comprehensive treatment of acute-on-chronic liver failure in a patient with hepatitis B: a case report

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2014年第8卷第2期页码 250-253 doi: 10.1007/s11684-014-0333-3

摘要：

The clinical data of a patient with acute-on-chronic liver failure were analyzed retrospectively. The patient has suffered from hepatitis B for 30 years. His liver function deteriorated, yielding Child-Pugh grade C and reaching a model for end-stage liver disease score of 33 points within a short period; this condition was complicated with highly active variceal bleeding and coagulation system failure (PT > 100 s). The patient also presented hepatocellular carcinoma. Comprehensive treatments included effective inhibition of hepatitis B virus replication and intensive care support. Piggyback orthotopic liver transplantation was performed as the final treatment. The patient recovered uneventfully and was discharged after surgery.

关键词： acute-on-chronic liver failure submassive necrosis viral hepatitis B esophageal variceal bleeding liver transplantation